How does Rust ensure memory safety without a garbage collector?

Example Concept: Rust's ownership model is based on three core principles: each value in Rust has a single owner, a value can only have one mutable reference or multiple immutable references at a time, and when the owner goes out of scope, the value is automatically deallocated. The borrow checker enforces these rules to ensure that references are valid and memory is accessed safely, eliminating the need for a garbage collector.