How do Rust lifetimes prevent dangling references in complex functions?

Example Concept: In Rust, lifetimes are annotations that describe the scope for which a reference is valid. The compiler uses these annotations to enforce that no references outlive the data they refer to. This is crucial in complex functions where multiple references might be interacting. By checking lifetimes, Rust ensures that all references are valid for their intended use, preventing dangling references and ensuring memory safety without a garbage collector.